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  Washington State Chapter  
  Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation  
  Summer Newsletter, 2000  


IN THIS ISSUE: Logo Shirts Now Available
Pacific Northwest Exploration Before Lewis & Clark
Kumtux Wawa 		page 1 & page 13
page 4
page 6


September Offers Tours of Bonneville Dam & Portage of the Cascades
 submitted by Don Dinsmore, Don Popejoy and Doc Wesselius


On September 23, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers will be our host at Bonneville Dam. Plans are for the meeting to begin at 12:00 noon in the theater auditorium and will feature a slide show, a musical demonstration on the jaw harp, and an audio-visual presentation and demonstration. This will be followed by a guided tour of the fish ladder and powerhouse. We should be able to see quite a few steelhead and Chinook salmon migrating up the ladder at this time of the year. There is a new live exhibit at the Bonneville fish hatchery: Herman is a 400 pound, 10-foot white sturgeon, estimated to be about 65 years old. He has been placed in a new outdoor facility at the hatchery and can be viewed from under water. This new attraction can be seen on your own time-members arriving early can see Herman before the meeting, and the hatchery remains open until dusk.

After the meeting at Bonneville Dam, there will be a two-hour (approximately) driving/walking tour of the Portage of the Cascades given by area resident Cliff Crawford from Washougal, Washington. Cliff has known this area since boyhood and will be our tour host showing us the Corps' campsites of Oct. 30-31 through Nov. 2, 1805. This area stretches from the head of the rapids, "the great Shute" to Rooster Rock on the Oregon side of the Columbia River:
Campsite of October 30-31, 1805: Almost opposite the town of Cascade Locks on an island. This island is now under water, but if you know where to look you can see the tops of bushes and trees.

Campsite of November 1, 1805: This camp was just above Bonneville Dam near the towns of Fort Rains and North Bonneville. There is a plaque on Bradford Island commemorating this campsite.

Campsite of November 2, 1805: "We encamped under a high projecting rock [Rooster Rock] on the lard. side."
For more detailed information to read before you go, see Moulton's Vol. 5 and 6 and if you have the atlas, maps 78, 79 and 88. If you have access to "Seeking Western Waters" by Emory & Ruth Strong, read pages 105 to 115; this book also has a great map on page 109. Once again member Don Popejoy will have a tour booklet for sale at $5 as a chapter fundraiser.

How to get there: Bonneville Dam is located about 40 miles east of downtown Portland on Interstate 84 at exit 40. The visitor center is located one mile from the exit. Go past the flagpole, cross over the navigation lock swing bridge, drive across the powerhouse and proceed up the hill to the top. At the top, make a hard U-turn to the right and park in front of the Bradford Island Visitor Center.

Note: There are no eating facilities at the dam, so you should plan on eating something before you arrive. The closest eating facilities are at Cascade Locks, Oregon, which is four miles east of the dam (exit 44). This is also the location of the Bridge of the Gods.


Show Your Pride and Wear Our Logo!


So now you've seen our great new chapter logo (above), designed by member Gary Lentz. And if you look closely at the black area between the captain's heads, you'll see a special aspect that we Washingtonians can be proud of: an image that looks like George Washington in profile!

Now you have the opportunity to identify yourself as a Lewis and Clark enthusiast and member of the chapter by ordering a shirt. Three styles are available: the sweatshirts and T-shirts are gray and the polo shirts are white. The green and yellow logo is printed on the upper left chest of the polo shirts; a larger version of the logo is printed on the center front of the sweatshirts and T-shirts. Sales of the shirts will also serve as a small fund-raising project for the chapter. We're pleased to be working with Blue Crystal Graphics in Dayton to provide these unique shirts. They are available in a variety of sizes and make great gifts, too. See the form on page 13 for all ordering information, including cost of the shirts and shipping costs. Past President Don Payne has volunteered to be our shirt sales coordinator-thanks, Don! (Note: To comply with the Dept. of Revenue rules for non-profit organizations without having to collect tax, we will only sell the shirts four times a year. This first ordering period runs from August 1-15. The next one will be Dec 1-15.) Because the shirts are custom printed for us, there will be a delay of several weeks between the time you place the order and the time you receive your shirts. But be assured-these shirts are well worth a short wait. Mail your order today!

[For those of you traveling to the Foundation meeting, we also will have a small selection of shirts for sale in Dillon.]


  Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 1  


The Journals:
A Beaver's Head, A Family Reunion, Shifting to Four-Leg Drive
and a Rocky Mountain High - It All Happened Near Dillon in 1805


Lewis and Clark enthusiasts heading to Dillon, Montana, for the August gathering are returning to the sites of some of the Corps' most significant events on the westward journey. The valleys of the Jefferson and Beaverhead Rivers and the Bitterroot mountains provide the dramatic landscape for what the journalists recorded 196 years ago.

". . . the Indian woman recognized the point of a high plain to our right which she informed us was not very distant from the summer retreat of our nation on a river beyond the mountains which runs to the west. this hill she says her nation calls the beaver's head from a conceived resemblance of it's figure to the head of that animal." (Lewis, Thursday, August 8th, 1805)

Lewis and Clark Trail Guide author Julie Fanselow suggests that Beaverhead Rock looks most like its namesake from the east, backlit by a setting sun. She notes there is some controversy over which limestone rock is the Beaverhead. Most believe it's the one north of Dillon. Others feel it's in the area referred to in the journals as Rattlesnake Cliffs. Fanselow says the Rattlesnake Cliffs look more like a buffalo. The Dillon Flying Service gives passengers a look at "both" Beaverhead Rocks.

On August 11, 1805, Lewis and his small party, ahead of Clark's boat haulers, reach Horse Prairie Creek and see their first Indian since entering Montana. Two days later they make their first contact with Shoshone Indians, an elderly woman and a 12-year-old girl. Lewis writes, "I took the elderly woman by the hand and raised her up repeated the word tab-ba-bone (white man) and stripped up my shirt sleve to shew her my skin; to prove to her the truth of the assertion that I was a white man for my face and hands have been constantly exposed to the sun were quite as dark as their own. they appeared instantly reconciled . . . . I gave these women some beads a few mockerson awls some pewter looking-glasses and a little paint." (Thursday, August 13th, 1805)

Journals editor Nicholas Biddle includes the following in the Saturday, August 17, 1805 entry: ". . . Clarke saw Sacajawea, who was with her husband 100 yards ahead, began to dance and show every mark of the most extravagant joy, turning roundhim and pointing to several Indians, whom he now saw advancing on horseback, sucking her fingers at the same time to indicate that they were of her native tribe. . . . We soon drew near to the camp, and just as we approached it a woman made her way through the croud towards Sacajawea, and recognising each other, they embraced with the most tender affection. . . . They had been companion sin childhood, in the way with the Minnetarees they had both been taken prisoners in the same battle, they had shared and softened the rigours of their captivity, till one of them had escaped from the Minnetarees . . ."

Biddle then writes of the conference between the two Captains and the Shoshone Chief, also on August 17th: . . . The moccasins of the whole party were then taken off, and after much ceremony the smoking began. After this the conference was to be opened, and glad of an opportunity of being able to converse more intelligibly, Sacajawea was sent for; she came into the tent, sat down, and was beginning to interpret, when in the person of Cameahwait she recognized her brother: She instantly jumped up, and ran and embraced him, throwing over him her blanket and weeping profusely: The chief was himself moved, though not in the same degree."

Southwest of Dillon and 13 miles west of the Lemhi Pass is the hamlet of Tendoy, Idaho. About a mile from town is a granite monument to Sacagawea, proclaiming the Lemhi Valley as her birthplace.

Lewis' party crossed the Lemhi Pass between August 10-13, 1805, beginning from Camp Fortunate, 20 miles southwest of Dillon, which is now inundated by waters of the Clark Canyon Reservoir. Sergeant John Ordway with the boat party wrote at Camp Fortunate: "took all canoes to the North side and sank them so they may be safe for our rturn." (Sunday, August 23rd, 1805)

Lemhi Pass tops out at the Continental Divide, variously noted as 7,339 feet and 7,373 feet. Either figure qualifies as the high point of the expedition's 28-month passage across unknown America.

Lewis now shifted to four-leg drive. Ordway wrote, ". . . Capt. Lewis bought 3 fine horses & 2 mules." (Saturday, August 22nd, 1805) Sergeant Patric Gass recorded, ". . . at the upper village I found Capt. Lewis buying horses, he fot 23 & with 2 we had makes 25." (Saturday, August 28th, 1805)

By Saturday, August 29, 1805, the expedition had Toby, a Shoshone guide, and 29 horses, and they proceeded on.

                                                contributed by Charles Blair


  Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 2  


A Third DAR Lewis and Clark Trail Marker
 submitted by Leota L. King


On June 8, 2000, the Washington State Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, dedicated their third Lewis and Clark trail marker in Hood Park near Burbank, Washington. Master of Ceremonies for the event was new State Regent, Barbara Herbst-Anderson. Shirley Wagers, under whose Regency this project was started and who is now a Vice President General of the National Society, DAR, gave the dedicatory address.

Barbara Herbst-Anderson, State Regent 2000-2002 (l) & Shirley Wagers, VP General of National Society, DAR Sgt. Patrick Gass of the Corps of Discovery was expected to attend, but his canoe must have swamped on the way up river because he didn't arrive. He has been a long-time houseguest of Gary Lentz, manager of the Lewis and Clark Trail State Park near Dayton.

Hood Park has been developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and is tucked into an area between the Snake River, Highways 12 and 124. Both have been officially designated as Lewis and Clark Trail highways. The park is beautifully maintained and has both picnic and camping areas. The marker is in a very prominent position in the picnic area and is just to the right of a parking area as you enter the park.

The marker is identical to markers already placed, with the exception of the quotes on the back. These quotes read: October 16, 1805 William Clark recorded in his journal that on this date ". . . after getting Safely over the rapid and having taken Diner Set out and proceeded on Seven miles to the junction of this river and the Columbia which joins from the N.W." The words "this river" refer to the Snake River, which flows into the Columbia about one mile to the southwest of this marker. Marker placed by Washington State Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, June 8, 2000.

A fourth marker will be placed before this project is completed. (Note: For information about the second DAR marker in Stevenson, see the January 2000 newsletter; for information about the first DAR marker in Clarkston, see the November 1999 newsletter. For more information about the efforts of the DAR, contact chapter member-and Chairman of the Lewis and Clark Monuments Committe - Leota King at leota@gateway.net )


President's Message: Elections, the Land & the Journals
 from Murray Hayes


There is good news and bad news today! Our charter secretary, Pam Andersen, has decided to step down as secretary, but she has agreed to continue as editor of the newsletter. Pam will be hard to replace as secretary since she has been the workhorse for formation, stability, and continuity in our efforts to establish a Washington State Chapter. We must find a candidate for Chapter Secretary for next year. And we also need to consider a slate of officers for 2001 - time will fly!

A guiding principle in the earlier Steering Committee's and in current Board's concerns for the organization of the Washington State Chapter has been to keep the membership involved in leadership-and we have found this difficult. We specifically included in our ByLaws a provision that officers (except the Secretary) may be elected for "no more than two (2) consecutive terms" in order to spread leadership. In 1999 I arbitrarily appointed the Board as a whole as the Nominating Committee; but in 2000 I recommend that the "Board --- appoint a nominating committee consisting of a chairperson and two (2) members" (as per ByLaws Section 7.3). I will contact possible members for the Nominating Committee at the Dillon and Bonneville meetings, but also I request that anyone willing to serve on the Nominating Committee and/or as an Officer contact me by phone, e-mail, or letter.

As the bicentennial approaches we see many articles on the Lewis and Clark expedition appearing in the media; nearly every issue of historical magazines in the west now include at least one such article. The Summer 2000 issue of "Montana, The Magazine of Western History" contains an article by Dr. Ronald V. Loge, "Illness at Three Forks, Captain William Clark and the First Recorded Case of Colorado Tick Fever", with 14 pages of medical history of the Expedition and 16 fine illustrations-it's a good read. The Summer 1999 issue of "Columbia" (the magazine of the Washington State Historical Society) contains an article by chapter member Dr. Reimert Thorolf Ravenholt, "Self Destruction on the Natchez Trace, Meriwether Lewis's Act of Ultimate Courage."

When I read such history, I think back to the reason I am so fascinated by the journals - they let me examine the words written at the time by Lewis and Clark (and the other journalists on the expedition) and draw my own conclusions. And when I read of a location like the Three Forks area, I'm led back to the land, which is my second fascination; even today I can see the places described in the journals and experience the feel of the place and the season where the events took place.

Our next two meetings take us to the land - Dillon near the source of the Missouri and the mountain journey overland to the Columbia; and then to Bonneville in the Columbia Gorge within sight of Beacon Rock approaching tidewater and end of the expedition near the river's entry into the Pacific Ocean. And returning to the "medical" subjects of the two articles cited, we remember chapter member Gary Lentz's demonstration of his replica of the Lewis and Clark medical chest at our September meeting last year-a demonstration that I understand will be repeated at the national meeting at Dillon. I'll see you in spirit when I turn to the journals, and I will see you on the land at Dillon - I hope you can be there!

  Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 3  


Pacific Northwest Exploration Before Lewis and Clark
 submitted by Robert Heacock


In late October 1805, when the Lewis and Clark Expedition journeyed down the Columbia River, they started to see many signs that there had already been trading in the area between the natives and Europeans. Mention has been made in the journals of seeing coats, buttons and similar items in the possession of the natives. But what exactly was the non-native history of the Pacific Northwest and, more importantly, how close did the fledgling United States come to losing the rights to the area, since they narrowly missed being the discoverers of the Columbia River? It was a time and a coastline crowded with nations vying to perfect claims of discovery.

After reading the pages of Columbia's River, The Voyages of Robert Grey 1787-1793, one cannot help but to speculate how the history of the area might have been different if it were not for Captain Grey and the timely follow-up by the Corps of Discovery. The wonderfully written and informative book was authored by J. Richard Nokes and published by the Washington State History Society in 1991.

In 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovered Cape Horn during his circumnavigation. In 1538 Gerandus Mercator labeled the land called America on the first map of the new world. The earliest recorded history in the area by Europeans starts in 1578 when Sir Francis Drake in the Golden Hind visited our west coast, possibly anchoring in Whale Cove in Lincoln County, Oregon. In 1592 the Spanish were at what was later named the Strait of Juan de Fuca. There is even a legend, with supporting factual information, that in 1707 a Spanish ship bound to Acapulco from Manila wrecked on the Oregon coast near Seaside, with one or more survivors living among the natives.

In 1775 the Spanish were again in the area, this time in Oregon at Cape Elizabeth, and also passed close by Cape Alava, evidenced by a ship carved in stone there. Captain Hezeta also sighted the two capes of the Columbia River but did not discover the river itself.

Captain James Cook, after his discovery of the Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands, noted the Oregon coast at Cape Foulweather on March 7, 1778, and even went ashore on Vancouver Island at Nootka Sound and made contact with the natives there. He was accompanied by Lt. Bligh and others.

Captain Grey, commanding the Lady Washington, and Captain John Kendrick, commanding the Columbia Rediva, first left Boston on September 30, 1787, as a private expedition sponsored by local businessmen. They were separated during bad weather at Cape Horn, and Grey first arrived in Oregon at Cape Lookout on August 12, 1788. They anchored at Tillamook Head, a few weeks after the Englishman, John Meares. The Indians had already developed an appetite for copper as a trade item, which Grey could not meet. After an encounter in which a crew member was killed, Grey left and headed north.

Captain Grey and the Lady Washington arrived at Nootka Sound on September 16, 1788, and found the Meares flotilla there under a Portuguese flag. Grey moored in Yuquot or Friendly Cove, and Captain Kendrick and the Columbia Rediva arrived on September 23. After the English departed for Hawaii, Grey and Kendrick spent time trading for furs and exploring. On July 29 of the next year, they changed ships in Clayoquot Harbor, and Grey returned to Boston after stopping in Hawaii and China.

Captain Grey stayed in Boston for less than six weeks, leaving Long Wharf again on October 2, 1790. This time he was on the Columbia Rediva. On October 28, the Spanish ceded the Pacific Northwest to the English in the Nootka Convention. The necessity of perfecting a claim of discovery was increasing. Captain Grey returned to Nootka Sound on June 3, 1791, this time in a passage that was four months quicker than the last. They continued to trade and explore, and even started building the 45-foot sloop Adventure, which had been transported disassembled in the hold of the Columbia Rediva.

On April 10, 1792, Grey was again traversing the Oregon and Washington coastline. On April 28, he spoke with Captain George Vancouver of the HMS Discovery. Grey found out that Captain Vancouver felt there was no large river in the area and was still searching for the Northwest Passage. Grey and even the earlier Spanish had noted the strong currents from the river and felt that it did exist, but bad weather usually prevented any further exploration.

On May 12, 1792, Captain Grey and the Columbia Rediva finally sighted the river at 4:00 AM and at 8:00 AM crossed the bar and entered the river proper, using only his steering sails. They noted several villages of Chinook Indians in the area and traveled for 36 miles to what is now known as Greys Bay. He sent a boat across to Tongue Point but made his anchorage at various locations on the northern shore. Grey left the Columbia River on May 20 and later gave a map he had made to the Spanish at Nootka Sound, who in turn gave it to Captain Vancouver. Grey left Nootka Sound for the final time September 22, 1792, and returned to Boston again via Hawaii and China.

On October 30, Captain Vancouver sent a boat with William Broughton 100 miles up the Columbia River to what is now the Washougal River, which the English have claimed as the first true exploration of the river. It is in this exploration that Mt. Hood was sighted, which later was such a welcome landmark for Lewis and Clark when they were still in the eastern Oregon/Washington area. Grey's map of the mouth of the Columbia River was not seen until it was found in the private papers of George Vancouver in 1961.

Captain Grey and the crew of the Columbia Rediva arrived in Boston on July 29, 1793. The two expeditions by Grey had several firsts, including being the first Americans to see the Northwest, the first to see the Hawaiian Islands and the first to circumnavigate with the Stars and Stripes. They left a large imprint on the history of the Pacific Northwest and, of course, the future expansion of the United States. The claim made by the United Stated was later solidified, but only by the foresight of Thomas Jefferson and the dedication, discipline and resourcefulness of the Corps of Discovery.

  Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 4  


Chapter Meetings in 2001
 from Doc Wesselius, Program Chairman


Get set to mark your calendars and make plans to attend your chapter meetings next year! Some locations and speakers are still being confirmed, but the dates are definite.

February 10: Washington State Historical Society, Tacoma - Tentative speaker is Rex Ziak speaking on Pacific County's projects for the bicentennial (including plans for Station Camp). This is also our annual business meeting and election of officers.

May 19: Tri-Cities area - Jerry Igo from Clark College will talk about the flora of the expedition (yes, at last we'll get to hear more about the flowers and plants noted by Lewis and Clark). And we'll have an excursion to a significant site on the western shore of the Columbia.

August: Chapter meeting during the annual LCTHF meeting in Pierre, South Dakota.

September 22: Fort Vancouver, Vancouver: Tom Laidlaw will make a presentation on the influence of Lewis and Clark on the Pacific Northwest fur trade. A tour of the fort will be available before the meeting. On Friday and Saturday nights, the fort will be illuminated by candles to present the feel of a night in 1845.

Hikes and/or field trips after meetings have generated interest with some members; we will try to include them in meeting plans whenever possible.
Mapping and Primitive Art


Amid sunshine and breezes, 24 members and friends joined together at Horsethief Lake State Park on May 20 to enjoy a terrific potluck lunch and two great programs. During the morning, some members also relished a tour of the park's petroglyphs and pictographs, including the fascinating Tsagagalal, "She Who Watches."

Gary Lentz, chapter member and ranger at Lewis and Clark Trail State park, distributed rocks and primitive painting materials for participants to make their own pictographs and petroglyphs. These efforts were accompanied by much merriment and a modicum of concentration.

Member Martin Plamondon shared the various mapping methods employed by William Clark, explaining how little time he had to do full-blown surveying as they traveled, which makes their accuracy all the more awesome. Martin shared with us his 30 years of research to produce a set of current-day maps of the trail. He reviewed many of his resources and methods and shared some great old aerial photos taken prior to dam construction on the Columbia River (it was fascinating to see the Long and Short Narrows before dam building changed the river forever). Good news for Lewis and Clark buffs everywhere: Washington State University Press will publish Martin's maps later this year. See page 11 for more information.



Chapter Website at New Location


The Washington Chapter's website has been moved to a new, easier to access address. Many thanks to member Jay Rasmussen who worked with Dr. Joseph Mussulman and the folks at the ITRC (Information Technology Resource Center) of the University of Montana in Missoula to host the site. The new address (URL) is: www.lcarchive.org/wa_lcthf.htm.



Help Us Grow
 from Don Popejoy, Membership Chairman


As the Washington State chapter's Membership Chair (LCTHF) I'm asking all of you for your help. After our first 2 1/2 years, we now boast 186 members! That's good, but we can do better! I was hoping that when we entered the year 2000, we would have over 200 members. Well, we almost did but we lost 16 due to various reasons, one of which was a startling admission, " . . . lack of interest." No comment!

I'm asking that each of you, over the next six months, ask at least five people you know to join the LCTHF and our chapter. With the excitement building towards the 200-year anniversary of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, many people are just not aware that there is an organization that will fuel their interest in the Corps of Discovery. Newspapers and magazines are full of Lewis and Clark, hundreds of committees are working along the trail for the great celebration, websites are popping up all over the Internet and books are coming out by the ton on every aspect of the Expedition. But word of mouth is still the best way to recruit for any organization. PR is great, committees work well, magazines, websites and newspaper's inform. But the best way to get someone to join our organization is to tell them about it. Tell them what we do. Tell them what they get from joining. Tell them how exciting it is to be apart of this surge of national interest. Tell them. Tell them. And tell them again. Your excitement will overwhelm them and just when you have them excited, put an application in their hands, along with a pen and sign them up. They will thank you for it, and so will your chapter.

Cheryl Essary has done a wonderful job (along with a few others) in formatting a Washington State Chapter brochure. It is now available to everyone to help in recruiting new members. You can contact Cheryl at cherylessary@hotmail.com or Pam Andersen at reyson@home.com or you can have them contact me at dpoctalc1@aol.com.

Did you know? August 1 is William Clark's birthday, and August 18 is Meriwether Lewis's birthday.


  Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 5  


Kumtux Wawa by Gary Lentz

Kumtux Wawa I would like to welcome everyone to the question and answer section of our newsletter. The first question to answer is probably, "What does 'Kumtux Wawa' mean? Kumtux is a Chinook jargon word meaning, "understanding." Wawa is also a jargon word meaning, "to speak." In other words, it's a Chinook jargon way of expressing the sharing of understanding by speaking.

So, with that out of the way, let's get on to the first question.

Whatever Happened to Captain Clark's Sword?
Jo Green, a member of our chapter from Port Angeles, Washington, sent an interesting letter. She said she grew up in Portland, Oregon, a number of years ago. She remembered hearing that, "Clark's sword was found in a sand pile along the Columbia River and the person who found it took it to the Oregon Historical Society in Portland where it was placed on view for everyone to see." Her question is, "What ever happened to the sword?"

A very intriguing question, isn't it? Since Clark had his sword when he arrived at Chief Yellept's village on April 27, 1806, the sword would have had to find its way back down river at some point if it was indeed found on the lower Columbia. Clark was greeted by Chief Yellept on the 29th of April, 1806, with the chief's intention of trading a white horse for a kettle. The Corps could not spare any kettles, however, and Clark offered his sword and some smaller items in exchange. From that point on, the sword fades into the sands of time.

I corresponded with Marsha Matthews who is the Director of Artifact Collections & Exhibits at the Oregon Historical Society in Portland. She replied, "I have checked our files and I do not find a sword associated with William Clark in our collections. Nor in the 12 years that I have worked here have I heard of the sword being here." However, just to be sure, she passed the inquiry on to another member of their staff, Susan Seyl, who is Director of Image Collections for the OHS. Ms. Seyl responded, "We have looked through the OHS photograph collection for any images of William Clark's sword, but without success. (I have never heard the story of the sword coming to OHS)."

Lewis' Brand It appears the sword never was found again. However, there is a persistent rumor that the sword was found and turned over to the OHS. I believe that what has nurtured this rumor over the years is the fact that a genuine artifact of the expedition was found on a sandy island in the lower Columbia in 1894. Meriwether Lewis' branding iron was found by Lineaus Winans on the north shore of the Columbia River below Memaloose Island. It is on display at the OHS. The photo below is a facsimile of the mark made by the branding iron.

The idea of actually finding Clark's sword is an intriguing one. Perhaps one day it will re-appear but for now it remains one more item in History's Lost and Found Department.

What aspect of the Lewis and Clark Expedition have you been wondering about? Send you questions to Gary Lentz, 36149 Hwy 12, Dayton, WA 99328; he will research and respond to questions for publication in the newsletter.


Kudos, Opportunities, Announcements
Congratulations to Jay Rasmussen, our "webmaster", for receiving the National Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Council's Outstanding Service Award.

A big thank you to Cheryl Essary for arranging all the details for our May 20 petroglyph/pictograph tour, potluck lunch and chapter meeting at Horsethief Lake State Park.

Can you help out? Ruth Hubbard is looking for a ride after the LCTHF meeting from Dillon to Butte airport on Thursday morning, August 17. Give her a call at 206-285-0939.

Virginia Ryan continues to do a great job of notifying the press about our chapter meetings-thanks, Virginia!

Your chapter needs YOU! Running your chapter takes little time but offers great satisfaction in knowing you helped our members gain more enjoyment and knowledge about our common bond-the Corps of Discovery. So--consider serving as an officer or on the board next year! Or interested in serving on the Nominating Committee? Make your interest known to President Murray Hayes or any other officer or board member (see contact information on page 10).

Welcome to new member Joe J. Marx. 		We regret to report that member Dr. R. T. Ravenholt was unsuccessful in securing a location for a suggested family encampment near Salmon in connection with the Foundation's annual meeting in Dillon.

The Washington Chapter looks forward to the installation of Barb Kubik as President of the LCTHF during the annual meeting in Dillon next month. Barb's expertise and leadership skills have long served the Foundation, and we look forward to a terrific year with her at the helm of our national organization.

With great pleasure, we report that members Gary Lentz, James Payne, Walt Gary, and Steve Plucker were among those receiving the Washington State Historical Society's David Douglas Fellowship for outstanding work on the map of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in Walla Walla County.

Here's a challenge: Consider following Doc Wesselius' generous example & donate a copy of Gary Moulton's atlas or a new book about the Expedition or a Foundation membership to your local library. What better way to share your enthusiasm for the Corps of Discovery than to enable your community to learn more about our erstwhile explorers?

To receive a copy of the current membership roster, contact our secretary, Pam Andersen (address on p. 10).


  Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 6  


A Day with the Nez Perce on Weippe Prairie
 from Cheryl Essary


What do you think of when you hear the name "Weippe"? Those of you who have explored the trail are already familiar with this breathtaking bit of Idaho and its significance to the story of Lewis and Clark. The Weippe prairie was, after all, where they first encountered the Nez Perce after their harrowing traverse of those "tremendious" mountains.

I recently made my first (and hopefully not last) visit to the Weippe prairie. It was the final day of the second annual Lewis and Clark Symposium hosted by Lewis-Clark State College in Lewiston. Work kept me from attending the Thursday and Friday sessions which had featured historian Alvin Josephy and other notable Lewis and Clark scholars, including our chapter's own Gary Lentz.

As the bus loaded for our outing, I had to endure conversation around me about what I had missed during the previous two days. Oh, well, better this than nothing, I told myself. I was surprised to learn that even though I had only registered for one day, I was entitled to a packet of treasures: a nifty name tag, a good feather quill pen, loads of information on the topics and speakers of the event, Idaho tourism promotional material, and "journal" pages to keep my own notes. All this, I decided, made it worthwhile to have gotten up at 5:30 AM.

The bus roared to life and promptly ran over a curb; I think the driver was trying to keep us awake or maybe he wasn't yet awake himself. The morning, though early, was glorious and sunny. We crossed the sparkling Clearwater River and followed it eastward. Our "host", Chuck Raddon, handed out copies of Clark's map of the area from present-day Lewiston to Orofino. He noted that many of the islands we saw out our window were clearly marked on the map. He also remarked that many of the campsites along the Clearwater are disputed to this very day. Hmm, that's a surprise, huh?

The bus stopped at a pleasant rest area along the river to give us a break. A friendly representative from the Grubby Knuckles Garden Club gladly accepted our donations for coffee and cookies. Yes, it was shaping up to be a marvelous day until . . . someone noticed a bulge in one of the bus tires. It seemed that when the bus ran over the curb, the rim got bent. Plans were made to stop for repairs in Orofino. Some of the locals had already expressed doubts about the bus's ability to make it up the Greer grade, and this just added to their skepticism. I had no idea what or where the Greer grade was. I had visions of the Lewiston grade, or Cabbage Hill that drops from the Blue Mountains into Pendleton, or that spectacular hill coming down from Goldendale to the Columbia River. I had no idea what was coming.

The capable mechanics in Orofino whacked on the tire rim a few times while Lewiston Morning-Tribune journalist Mike Venso recorded the event with his camera. I wonder if it made the front page on Sunday? We were on our way in a very few minutes, much to my relief. I was anxious to see Lewis and Clark sites and I doubted if they had ever visited this nice tire shop.

Chuck Raddon resumed his narrative as we again traveled east, pointing out the likely campsite of Twisted Hair. Soon we reached the little town of Greer, deep in the Clearwater canyon. We crossed the river and began the ascent of the much talked-about Greer grade.

The Greer grade is an amazing road that switchbacks up the side of a mountain. Chuck estimated that from Greer to the top is about 2000 feet. This was the main route of gold seekers to the Pierce gold fields in 1860, just northeast of Weippe. Chuck also drew our attention to the visible remnants of a wagon road on an adjacent mountainside.

When we reached the top of our climb, we stopped to pick up a hitchhiker who turned out to be Norm Steadman, the mayor of Weippe. In addition to his political career, Norm is quite a Lewis and Clark buff and only too happy to show off his knowledge of the area. He regaled us with tales of local history on our way into Weippe, where we stopped for anther break at the rustic old Weippe Community Center. Refreshed, we got back on the bus and continued on our journey. I had no idea where we were going and, truthfully, I didn't care. The Weippe prairie's beauty captivated me with its tall grasses, mountains in the distance, and, literally, fields of daisies. It is one of the prettiest places I have ever seen.

Musselshell Meadow Our destination turned out to be the Musselshell Meadow. Norm told us that it is the oldest continuously used Forest Service site in the United States. Today we were to be the guests of the Nez Perce Appaloosa Horse Club. I would not have been disappointed if we had just walked around and enjoyed the scenery. Whether it was because of the steep road we'd mounted to get here or the map that showed it was the only road in or out of here, I felt like we were isolated from the rest of the world. Birdsong surrounded us and a pleasant wind stirred the grasses.

Each of us carried a folding chair into the meadow where a buffalo robe was laid out. Several Nez Perce men were there and asked us to set up in a semi-circle around the robe. Otis Halfmoon, a Nez Perce who is Idaho Unit Manager for the Nez Perce National History Park, welcomed us and gave us a preview of what we were about to see. The Appaloosa Horse Club would circle our group and we would witness a pipe ceremony. Otis gave us some Nez Perce history while we awaited the riders. He spoke of Big Hole Battlefield and Chief Joseph's attempted escape to Canada. He interspersed his talk with humor, teasing his friends and poking fun at himself.

The horses and riders appeared through the trees-a magnificent sight! Leading them, dressed in buckskins, was Horace Axtell. He is a revered tribal member and a World War II veteran. Most of the riders and their horses sported

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traditional dress. Not all the riders were Nez Perce, or all the horses Appaloosas. The club is open to anyone, even if they don't have a horse at all.

While the riders galloped around us, drummers and singers supplied musical background. Otis Halfmoon told us that this was much the same way that Lewis and Clark would have been welcomed by the Nez Perce. Naturally my imagination went wild at the very idea. I couldn't help stealing looks past our immediate group at the view in the distance. Maybe I was expecting to see the Corps of Volunteers for Northwest Discovery?

After they reined up their horses, some of the riders said a few words. One of the men was an African-American who is married to a Nez Perce woman. He said he liked to think that today he was representing the spirit of York. Horace Axtell told us that this man has lived among the Nez Perce so long that he is regarded as one of them.

The pipe ceremony began shortly after the horse club rode away in a flurry of color. We were admonished not to take photographs during the observance. All of the men were invited to sit in a circle around the buffalo robe. Women who had served in the military were also invited. Everyone was encouraged to place a personal item on the buffalo robe in order that it might gain some sort of blessing or power.

Tightly-wrapped sage bundles were set afire to smolder. With an eagle feather, each participant was fanned with the smoke. Three pipes were lit and passed around the circle many times. Each man was asked to speak about his military experience or, if he had none, about that of a relative. It was truly heartening to see a Japanese man, white men, and Nez Perce men sharing pride in their service to the United States.

After a few more songs, the ceremony ended. It lasted about two hours. I felt as if I had attended a religious service, so spiritual was the experience. Being out in a meadow with fresh air, birds, and beautiful trees and mountains was every bit as uplifting as any church I have ever attended.

As is often the case after church, we were ravenous. We returned to Weippe Community Center and dined on build-your-own sandwiches, various pasta, bean, green, fruit and potato salads; and the piece de resistance: vanilla ice cream topped with huckleberry sauce. All of this was provided by the good ladies of Weippe. They had help from some young girls who, if they ever decide to become waitresses, will make a fortune in tips.

Norm Steadman and Mike Venso read from the journals while we enjoyed our meal. They were setting up for the next leg of our trip out on the prairie. Wooden signs direct you to a pullout where a marker proclaims that this is where Clark met three Nez Perce boys who ran and hid from him. Norm is doubtful that the exact spot of the meeting can be determined and feels that it doesn't really matter. We know it happened here. Gazing out at the majestic mountains and flowering meadow in the foreground, I had to agree with him. Some things are more fun to imagine for yourself than to have someone tell you their version of how it was.

Our return to Lewiston was quiet. I had fun eavesdropping on conversations around me, especially the discussion about the "Selway Screamer," a Bigfoot/Sasquatch-type creature who supposedly inhabits the Selway/Bitterroot wilderness. That legend alone is enough to make me want to hurry back to Idaho. Not to mention the lure of tracking down the true legend of some human creatures known as the Corps of Volunteers for Northwest Discovery.


The Lewis and Clark Corner: Info supplied by Don Popejoy [dpoctalc1@aol.com]

Books of interest:
Joyce Badgley Hunsaker's new book on Sacagawea will be out sometime this summer, so here are a few books that will stir up your interest in the Bird Woman. Sacagawea's Shoshoni name was Boi' naiv which meant the Grass woman (a Saidyuka princess). Also, as you read about Fires Black Gun in Ochoco (pronounced OOOO'SHE-HO) history, he is the Comeah Wait of Lewis and Clark fame and Sacagawea's brother.
Sacagawea of the Lewis & Clark Expedition by Ella Clark & Margot Edmonds (1979)
Sacajawea by Anna Lee Waldo (1978)
Sacajawea, the Girl Nobody Knows by Neta Lohnes Frazier (1967)
Sacajawea by Harold Howard (1971)

There are several articles in We Proceeded On about Sacagawea:
November 1993 - Irving Anderson; Summer 1975 - Irving Anderson; May 1988 - Erik Holland; February 1996 - Kirby Lambert; November 1989 - Arlen Large; August 1988 - Arlen Large; February 1992 - Arlen Large; August 1988 - Bob Saindon; Spring 1976 - Bob Saindon; February 1989 - Gladys Silk

Website of interest: http://www.rutnut.com/crc ( The Columbia River Connection)


The chapter and Foundation recently lost long-time member George Tweney. George had amassed one of the finest Lewis and Clark libraries in the country, served the Foundation in many capacities through the years and was held in the very highest regard by one and all for his knowledge of and enthusiasm for the Lewis and Clark expedition. We all join in extending our sincere condolences to Maxine Tweney and all of George's family.


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Indian Stories of the Expedition
 submitted by Don Popejoy


When we last saw the Corps of Discovery, they were camped (October 18, 1805) in the beautiful but barren land of the Columbia River near Wallula Gap. And that's where we'll leave them for the next three months!

I have always wondered what the Indians of the area really thought of the Expedition. We know they were the first white men that the Indians had seen. We know the Expedition was treated with respect and kindness. The Corps was fed, guided and cared for through the remainder of their journey to the Pacific Ocean. But what did the natives of the Pacific Northwest really think of this strange group of men, one woman and a baby? The following are Indian stories of the Expedition after traversing the Bitterroot Mountains in 1805.

From Pete Beaverhead, one of the great Pend d'Oreille oral historians of his generation: "The Indians seen the whiteman (the Corps of Discovery) and felt pity for them, because their faces were pale, whitelooking, and they had beards. The white men looked as if they were cold because their faces were pale and red. Then, when the Indians met the whiteman, then the Indians spread out their fur blankets and motioned to the white men to sit on them, because maybe they are cold. The Indians thought the white men were cold because they were white faced. From that time on, it became known that whites had laws."

Sophie Moiese to Ella Clark: "When the dried meat was brought to the men, they just looked at it and put it back. It was really good to eat, but they seemed to think it was bark or wood. Also, they didn't know that camas roots are good to eat. Chief Three Eagles told his people that they must not harm the strangers in any way."

A Salish tribal account recorded by Edward S. Curtis: "The two captains advanced and shook hands with the chief, who commanded his people to refrain from any evil-doing toward them. The white men removed their pack-saddles from their horses and sat down on the ground. The chief said: 'They do not have robes to sit on. Some Indians have stolen them. Bring them some robes.' Buffalo-skins were brought, but instead of sitting on them, the white men threw them about their shoulders. One of them had a black face, and the Indians said among themselves, "See, his face is painted black! They are going to have a scalp dance."

Francois Saxa's account of the story by Agnes, Chief Victor's widow: "The Flathead Indians were camping at Ross's Hole at the head of the Bitterroot valley, when one day the old chief, Three Eagles, left the camp to go scouting the country. He saw at a distance Lewis and Clark's party, about twenty men, each man leading two pack horses, except two, who were riding ahead, who were Lewis and Clark. The old chief, seeing that these men wore no blankets, did not know what to think of them. It was the first time he had met men without blankets. What kind of beings could they be? The first thought was that they were a party of men who, traveling, had been robbed by some Indians of their blankets. When they came to the open prairie he noticed that they traveled slowly and unconcerned, all together, the two leaders going ahead of the party and looking around, as if surveying the country and consulting with their men. He thought within himself: These must be two chiefs; but what can they be after? To make things more complicated for the old chief, there was a colored man in the party. What can this man be? When Indians were going to the buffalo hunt they had a custom, if any sign would appear of their enemies hiding around, to have a war dance to encourage one another to fight and be brave. For this dance, the Indian warriors would paint themselves, some in red, some in yellow, some in black. The black face, thought the old chief, must surely be a man who painted his face black in sign of war. The party must have had a fight with some hostile Indians and escaped from their enemies, losing only their blankets. When two leaders of the party, coming to the Indian camp, showed friendship to the Indians, there was a universal shaking of hands. On their side the whites, seeing the friendly dispositions of the Indians, decided to camp right there, and began to unpack their horses."

Old Eugenie via Mother's Amadeus and Lincoln: "Old Eugenie remembered the reverence with which the Indians carried about the first white men they had ever seen, how they wondered at the unseemly trousers, and pityingly gave them blankets to cover their legs before they suffered them to treat with Indian dignitaries. Old Eugenie told that when Lewis and Clark came, they gave the Flatheads a present of a bell and a looking glass. This latter the chief poetically mistook to be the soul."

Lewis and Clark among the Nez Perces by Lizzie Lowery: "Lewis and Clark discovered our country. The people of my village ran away when they first saw the white men. They were afraid of their beards, for they had never seen people with hair on their faces. And they had never seen mules before. They thought the mules were some kind of overgrown rabbits."

Otis Halfmoon: "One time, when a band of Nez Perces from where Lewiston is now were over in Flathead country, several of them had the same dream. Their dream caused them to make this prophecy: Someday strange people will come over the mountains from the rising sun. They will wear something on their heads with feathers on it. They will eat dogs. They will eat horses. They will mark out lands. They will plant things. They will come to the Clearwater River. Someday they will cause us lots of trouble. Most of the people did not believe the dreams. Then they heard that strange men really were coming down the river from Kamiah. They had hair on their faces, and they wore hats with red feathers. Some of the Nez Perces wanted to kill the strange looking men, but they were afraid of the black man who was with them. He had shining eyes that rolled around in his head. (Some thought he had been smoked!) 'If we kill these others,' they said, 'the black man will surely kill us.' So they let the strangers come on. They reached the place where Lewiston is now and stayed there for a few days. Some Indians helped them, others wanted to kill them. The Nez Perces farther up the Clearwater River also had been frightened. Some wondered whether the strangers were human beings at all, and they wondered what had burned up the black man."

Lewis and Clark among the Shoshonis related by Warren A. Ferris of the American Fur Company, 1831: ". . . Two strangers appeared suddenly (actually there were four men). They were unlike any people we (the Shoshonis) had ever

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seen and wore clothing unknown to us. They gave us things of solid water, which were sometimes as brilliant as the sun and which showed us our own faces. At first we were delighted by the men's appearance, for we thought that they must be the children of the Great Power Above. But soon we were afraid. We learned that they also knew how to make thunder and lightning. We learned that a party of beings like themselves were but a day's march behind them, on the east side of the mountains. Our chief noticed that the strangers were careless about their belongings. They did not seem to know about theft. So he warned his men that they must not steal anything, not even a small thing, from the white men. They were made welcome in our camp, and there was joy among our people. They stayed with us for several days." [Lewis found the Shoshonis to be poverty-stricken but cheerful and happy.]


Opportunity for Creative Juices to Flow

Here's another chance for each of you to show your creativity. The board has announced a contest to

Name Your Newsletter.

All chapter members are eligible to submit as many suggestions as they wish. Members attending the February 10 meeting in Tacoma will vote to select the winner. So put on your thinking cap, tune up your imagination, sharpen your pencil and send your suggestions to Pam Andersen (see address below). All entries must be received before January 15. Be sure to include your name, address and phone number. Yes, there will be a prize (to be announced in next issue)!


Corner of Discovery: Profiles of our Members
prepared by Cheryl Essary

A column featuring Chapter members and their comments concerning their interest in the Lewis and Clark Expedition


I encourage each of you to consider sending me your comments about your interest in the Corps of Discovery. If you have enjoyed reading about your fellow members, please take the time to share your own responses to the following questions so we can all get to know one another better and enable us to continue this column. Send them to me at 886 So Hwy 17, Othello, WA 99344-9799 (or by e-mail to merckdf@concord.televar.com).
1.     How did you become interested in Lewis and Clark?
2.     What parts of the trail have you traveled? What was your favorite place? Why?
3.     Other than the journals, what is/are your favorite Lewis and Clark book(s)? Why?
4.     Do you have a favorite member of the expedition? If so, whom and why?
5.     What aspect of the expedition most interests you? (geography, natural history, Native Americans, etc.)
6.     Is there anything else you would like to add?


How to Contact Your Officers & Board Members
      President: Murray Hayes, 936 Cameron Rd,Sequim, WA 98383; 360-582-1069
            Vice President: Cheryl Essary, 886 So Hwy 17, Othello, WA 99344; 509-488-9074
                  Secretary: Pam Andersen, 2374 Crestline Blvd NW, Olympia, WA 98502; 369-943-3979
                        Treasurer: Rennie Kubik, 10808 NE 27th Court, Vancouver, WA 98696; 360-546-5989
                              Board: Lee Edtl, 919 22nd Avenue, Longview, WA 98632; 360-577-0485
                                        Don Payne, 32237 3rd Ave SW, Federal Way, WA 98023; 253-838-5906
                                        Lyle Soule, 12223 Mt. Cruiser Lane NW, #B308, Silverdale, WA 98383; 360-394-1755
                                        Doc Wesselius, 1608 Big Hanaford Valley, Centralia, WA 98531; 360-736-6106


Expansion Planned at Lewis & Clark Trail State Park


At their meeting in Anacortes on July 21, 2000, the Washington State Parks & Recreation Commission approved a budget item request for $400,000 to acquire and begin some development of a 28-acre land parcel to the south of the existing park boundary. This property could provide a juvenile fishing pond, some RV camping sites, a safe location out of the flood zone for a ranger residence, storage buildings, and access to the hillside that Lewis mentioned on May 2nd, 1806, on which there were "long-leaved pines occasionally on the sides of the hills". A hiking trail could be built that would take latter-day explorers to the top for a spectacular view of the Touchet Valley. In addition, there is community support for an interpretive center focusing on the Palus culture and other aspects of the expedition and community history. The budget now goes to the Governor, then the Office of Financial Management and then on to the Legislature for final approval. IF it gets through all the hurdles, the money could be available by July 1, 2001. The additional facilities are needed for the increasing number of visitors each year and for the future enjoyment of generations yet to discover the fascinating history that occurred here. It is our unique position in history to begin preparing for the L&C Tricentennial.

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Information on Books About Lewis and Clark


From Doc Wesselius:
With the upcoming observance of the bicentennial for the Lewis and Clark Expedition, there is going to be a proliferation of books, newspaper articles and magazine reports pertaining to the event. The public interest in the Corps of Discovery will be shaped by the material presented by many, varied authors. The author's text reflects his personal impressions-and sometimes bias. Therefore, we as amateur historians are often expected to suggest related reading material pertaining to the Expedition.

How do you answer the question, "I want to learn about Lewis and Clark; what book do you recommend?" Obviously a novice does not start with Gary Moulton's multiple volume publication on the Expedition. Few of us would recommend Anna Lee Waldo's Sacajawea either. Careful consideration should be contemplated before answering the question. The level of knowledge and age group you are informing is pertinent information that should be evaluated before answering the question. I've had the opportunity to read two recent publications on Lewis and Clark; hope these reviews help you answer the above question.

The Saga of Lewis and Clark by Thomas and Jeremy Schmidt (DK Publishing, $35 hardcover) is an excellent coffee table book that will stimulate many discussions on the Expedition in your household. The photography and illustrations are very well done and represent the majority of the Expedition's high points and the trail route. An interesting feature of the book is a route map at the top of each page that guides the reader on the progress of the Expedition's exploration. Historians and trail buffs will find nothing new in the publication, but the book does have a complete listing of the flora and fauna described by the captains as they progressed across the continent. Excellent Christmas gift for the relatives that wonder about your fascination with the Corps.

The Essential Lewis and Clark by Landon Jones (The Ecco Press, $24 hardcover) is a tightly edited version of the journals. The author has taken out the captains' repetition and the Expedition's scientific data to present an easy flowing narrative of the journey. By alternating the captains' journal entries, the author has published a text that allows beginners in the study of Lewis and Clark to whet their appetite and start a serious study of the expedition. The material in the book is a condensed version of the journals that is easy reading for the beginner, who often gets lost in the details of books on the Expedition by Bernard DeVoto, David Lavender, and Frank Bergon. Perhaps your local school could use this book in their library for students of United States and Washington state history.

*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *    


Lewis and Clark Trail Maps: A Cartographic Reconstruction, Volume I
Missouri River Between Camp River Dubois (Illinois) and Fort Mandan (North Dakota) Outbound 1804; Return 1806
by Martin Plamondon II
During the 28-month trek (1804-1805), Captain William Clark dutifully surveyed the expedition's route by taking continual compass readings to determine directions while estimating distances between geographic points. Clark assumed that his painstakingly recorded "surveyed traverse" would be converted into well-crafted, accurate maps by cartographers soon after the journey's completion. For a variety of reasons, this did not occur. Until now, that is! By utilizing the measurements, notes, maps and sketches in Clark's records as well as other sources, Martin Plamandon II has accomplished the cartographic reconstruction that Clark expected upon the expedition's return. Volume I is the first of an anticipated three-volume set delineating the Corps' journey.

This first volume includes 153 full-page maps of the Missouri River from Illinois to North Dakota. In addition to presenting key geographic and historic features, the maps compare the modern beds of rivers to their courses at the time of the exploration. The contrast is striking between what Lewis and Clark saw and what we see today. The ever-meandering Missouri River, in particular, has changed its channel hundreds of times since the men of the expedition fought its currents. Even Clark commented on the return trip in 1806 that some sections of the river were barely recognizable compared to when they passed by two years earlier. The impact of modern America has likewise wrought great change.

Of further interest in Volume I are the many excerpts from the expedition diaries, an insightful essay on frontier surveying, and cartographic indexes. Plamondon's years of careful cartographic reconstruction have resulted in a captivating and never-before-seen record of the American West.

Martin Plamondon II is a former chairman of the Governor's Washington Lewis and Clark Trail Committee. He has 28 years of experience as a professional cartographer, 16 of which were spent as director of mapping for Clark County, Washington. [And he is also a member of our Washington Chapter, LCTHF!] Illustrations, maps, indexes. 9" X 12", 176 pages. Hardbound, ISBN 0-87422-232-X, $65. Paperback, ISBN 0-87422-233-8, $45. Available September 2000. Copies can be ordered directly through WSU Press (1-800-354-7360) or ordered through bookstores.

As promised in the Spring Newsletter, here is more information about Joyce Badgley Hunsaker's new book. After extensive bidding wars between publishers, Sacagawea Speaks - Beyond the Shining Mountains with Lewis and Clark, Falcon Publishing of Helena, Montana, (1-800-582-2665) will bring out the book in Spring 2001. It will be hard cover, in full color, and contain the text of her living history program, quotations from the journals, extensive end notes, historical and contemporary images (both photographs and paintings) with interpretive captions, a Shoshoni vocabulary, biographical sketches of the Expedition members (including "whatever happened to . . ."), and suggested reading and research lists. [Note: Look for information about Joyce's video project in a future issue.)


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News and Activities from Near and Far


  • The dispute between Oregon and Washington over where the Lewis and Clark expedition ended nearly two centuries ago seems to have reached a truce. The National Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Council has designated the lower Columbia River region as one of only a handful of sites along the Lewis and Clark trail to be nationally spotlighted during the three-year bicentennial commemoration beginning in 2003. That makes both sides of the river-Station Camp in Washington and Fort Clatsop in Oregon-eligible for federal funding. Last year, heated debate arose on both sides of the river as to what point the Captains felt was the end of their journey. People worried that the controversy threatened federal money needed by both states to prepare for the commemoration. Many credit U.S. Rep. Brian Baird (D-Wash) for playing peacemaker. The unified Oregon-Washington proposal now calls for a complete telling of the expedition's experience on both sides of the river. (excerpted from The Oregonian, 5/19/00)

  • Following are recommended locations for kiosks & panels to be installed as part of the TEA21 Enhancements project that the State of Washington received funding for this year. Kiosks (with multiple panels): Chief Timothy, Lyons Ferry, Horsethief Lake & Beacon Rock state parks; Dayton; Wallula area; Chamberlain Lake safety rest area; Parker's Landing Historic Site (Camas/Washougal); Megler Rest Area; Long Beach peninsula. Panels: Lewis & Clark Roadside Heritage markers outside Clarkston; Alpowai Rest Area; Three Forks Indian Trail roadside pull-off; Pomeroy; Boyer Park & Marina; Central Ferry, Palouse Falls, Lyons Ferry, Crow Butte, Maryhill, Doug's Beach, Lewis and Clark Campsite, & Fort Canby state parks; Texas Rapids Recreation Area; Lower Monumental Dam/Ship Rock; Fishhook Park, Charbonneau Park; Sacajawea Roadside Heritage Marker; SR 730 (sighting of the conical mountain); Avery Recreation Area; Columbia Gorge Interpretive Center; Steigerwald Lake/Steamboat Landing; Gee Creek safety rest area; County Line Park; Julia Butler Hansen NWR/Steamboat Slough Drive; Skamokawa River Access/Heritage Canoe Trail; Pillar Rock/Grays Bay; Knappton Heritage Museum; Megler Rest Area; Port of Ilwaco. There are also many sites listed as alternates, future state projects or part of another project.

  • A pair of amateur sleuths (members of the Oregon Chapter of LCTHF) disputes long-held claims that William Clark made it to Waud's Bluff, upon which the University of Portland rests, a point of pride and art at the school. Instead, the enthusiasts say Clark and a detachment of men made it only as far as present-day St. Johns, near the site of Cathedral park and about 1.5 river miles short of the school. Chuck Sawhill and Glen Kirkpatrick used Clark's original journals from 1806, his maps and historical nautical charts of the river to come up with their conclusion. Just how far up the Willamette River-called "The Multnomah" by Clark-the explorers had come has long been a subject of debate. University of Portland history professor Jim Covert, who raised the funds for a campus statue of Clark, his slave York and a Native American guide which was installed less than 15 years ago, says he wasn't trying to pick an exact geographical spot; rather he wanted to commemorate the racial aspects of the explorers trip into modern-day Portland - "the first multicultural attempt at community in the Pacific Northwest." (excerpt from recent issue of The Oregonian, date unknown)

  • You're invited to join the discovery expedition group, an e-mail group at eGroups, a free, easy-to-use e-mail group service. By joining this group, you'll be able to easily send messages to fellow group members using just one e-mail address. eGroups also makes it easy to store photos and files, coordinate events and more. Go to http://www.egroups.com/invite/discoveryexpedition and click the "JOIN" button. (from Don Popejoy)

  • News from the Governor's Lewis & Clark Trail Committee meeting minutes: *Skamania County announced that the American Philosophical Society donated a set of facsimile journals for use by students and the public at the Columbia Gorge Interpretive Center. *Benton and Franklin counties received $40,000 of corporate funding for work on a Sacajawea Discovery Trail. *Lower Columbia Region partners Ft. Clatsop Natl. Memorial, Lewis & Clark Bicentennial Association, Pacific County Friends of Lewis & Clark, & the Washington State Historical Society have a bi-state proposal for the winter of 2005. Plans include a National Day of Thanksgiving commemorating the safe arrival of the expedition at the Pacific Ocean, a display on equality of the vote taken November 24, 1805, & an authentic dinner to be served at ceremonies around the region. *Columbia County plans to develop the campsite of May 2, 1806, and the crossing of the Tucannon River on May 3, 1806, and perhaps mark the trail between the two locations. *Clark County has an interpretive plan for the Ridgefield Wildlife Refuge; a congressional bill was approved but funding has not yet been allocated. *Station Camp and L&C Campsite: Dave Nicandri of the WA State Historical Society has applied for National Historical designation for the site.

  • Upcoming meetings of interest: The Governor's L&C Trail Committee will meet in Walla Walla on October 14, and the Nez Perce Tribe will hold a conclave of all tribes with connections to L&C at Lewiston, Idaho, on October 11 & 12.

  • Washington's Interpretive and Tourism Action Plan for commemorating the bicentennial can be viewed at libraries across the state or on Washington's Dept. of Transportation website at: http://wsdot/wa.gov (look under the Heritage Corridors Program section). Also available now or being developed: Design Guidelines for outdoor exhibits & interpretive projects; an Interpretive Guide to enlighten and educate travelers about Washington's unique history related to the Expedition; an Educational Program for schools and communities; and an Events Program.

  • In a remote corner of Oregon's high desert, the resting place of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau was rededicated on Saturday, June 24. The grave is three miles off U.S. 95 in the community of Danner, about 17 miles west of Jordan valley on the Idaho border. Discovered in the 1960's, the grave had fallen into disrepair since being named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. With leadership by Roger Wendlick, working under the auspices of the Oregon Chapter, LCTHF, the restoration includes new fencing, trees and roadwork on the dusty county road leading to the site. (excerpts from The Oregonian, 5/3/00 & 6/25/00)

  • Mark Hamilton, a poet from Muncie, Indiana, and former Ball State University professor, is traversing the entire L&C trail. Although most of his trip has been by kayak, he hiked through the mountains of western Montana, Idaho and eastern Washington with his mule, Joe, at his side. Now retracing the journey eastward, Hamilton wants to adapt Lewis and Clark's journals into one volume of poetry, and he thought the trip would give him better insight into those journals. Check their website at www.lewisandclarkandmark.com.

  • As the new Sacagawea coin circulates in place of the old Susan B. Anthony dollar, Portland can claim its own history with the two women. The statue of Sacagawea in Washington Park was dedicated in 1905 by . . . Susan B. Anthony. (from recent issue of The Oregonian, date unknown)

    Did you notice that this issue of your newsletter contains articles from several chapter members who are "newcomers" to writing and submitting articles for your pleasure? Why not join them?
    end your writings to Pam Andersen (address on pg. 10).


      Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 12  


    Lewis and Clark Bicentennial: More Than a Party?


    Food for thought: Differing opinions concerning the upcoming bicentennial commemoration. Mark Spence, a fellow at the Center for the Humanities at Oregon State University, feels that the L&C expedition will be lauded in a massive array of promotions costing taxpayers millions and that these events will promote the expedition as little more than a group of eco-tourists on the vacation of a lifetime. He doesn't feel we need a glitzy travel poster approach, and questions whether more asphalt is the best way to commemorate Lewis and Clark. Every age interprets Lewis and Clark according to its own priorities. The pair is now popularly viewed as early ecologists and culturally sensitive diplomats of the frontier. He feels that when nature is regarded as a place "out there" and history is "back then," nature and history become abstracted into commodities for tourism. Understanding the world Lewis and Clark experienced is important, but that means commemorating the expedition in a way that ensures its continuing relevance. Nothing could be more relevant than strengthening the vitality of the languages that first described the expedition, and no obligation to the future could be more pressing than working to ensure the economic and political autonomy of the people who first encountered L&C. If the bicentennial is a chance to "get things right," then residents should demand that the attention and fantastic amounts of money it attracts should go toward building connections between the world Lewis and Clark experienced and the places millions of people now call home. Imagine the lasting impact of a bicentennial project that helped people build parks and plant gardens to attract healthy and sustainable populations of currently threatened species. Compare that with current plans to accommodate a fleeting parade of tourists by constructing directional signposts, parking lots, interpretive waysides and even new freeway off-ramps. In short, Mr. Spence expresses regret that those planning the bicentennial are focusing on questionable, but expensive projects rather than programs that will leave a lasting and worthy legacy.

    Chet Orloff, executive director of the Oregon Historical Society, agrees that some of the thousands of individuals and organizations preparing for the bicentennial can, indeed, be accused of pushing forward ideas that just as well can be forgotten. Others, in their enthusiasm, are certainly promoting projects of dubious historical veracity. And still others harbor a mindset that even the most politically incorrect might find outdated. But having participated in countless bicentennial planning projects since 1992 and obtaining an appreciation for the direction that this planning is taking, he sees a different picture: plans to restore lost native languages, inspire collaborative programs among tribal governments & other American communities, and follow the lead of Native American scholars and tribal chairmen in defining just how 21st century Americans ought to understand the legacy and the future of the Lewis and Clark story; plans to restore landscapes-restored not to their Lewis and Clark-era quality but, realistically and practically, to conditions that can be maintained into the future; and educational projects that ask the kinds of questions Mr. Spence suggests should and must be asked, about how we treat each other, our environment and our history. The bicentennial is not about "national redemption" but rather about reconciliation-reconciling the past with today, with all of its warts and injuries. The emphasis in the next several years will be based not on historical revisionism, naivete or nostalgia, but on hard thinking, shared legacies and (as much as possible) projects that will stand a test of time of more than mere decades. He argues that enriching and focusing an understanding of events, people and places is not an escape; charging and engaging one's historical imagination is not an escape. Indeed it is one of the arts of history and honest storytelling. The 1905 centennial celebration was just that-a celebration, a glorifying of manifest destiny, of the conquest of science and economics over geography, of the Enlightenment over traditional native cultures. The bicentennial plays down the celebratory elements of this story. This time around, we are looking back as much on the painful and deadly repercussions of the expedition as on the qualities-positive and negative-of the story's principal characters: Thomas Jefferson, the Corps of Discovery and the Native Americans, whose voices were barely heard a century ago. (excerpts from the May 14 and 20 editions of The Oregonian)


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      Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 13  


    MAIL MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION TO:
    WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER
    Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
    P. O. Box 9021
    Spokane, WA 99209-9021

    MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION/RENEWAL

    CHAPTER MEMBERSHIP
    $10.00 per year (Jan-Dec) for any
    person, family, firm, association or
    corporation. Please make checks
    payable to:
    Washington State Chapter LCTHF

    Dues are kept as low as possible to
    encourage wide membership. In
    addition, members are encouraged
    to make additional donations to
    support the organization.
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    Street _____________________________________________

    City _______________________________________________

    State _______________ Zip _________________________

    *Phone: (h)____________________ (w)________________

    *E-mail: ___________________________________________

    *Optional-will be included with membership roster

    Above dues are for Washington State Chapter only. Bylaws state that Chapter members must be current members of the National Foundation. Annual dues are: Individual, $30 per year; Family, $40 per year. Membership includes the quarterly magazine We Proceeded On. Send Foundation dues to: Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation, PO Box 3434, Great Falls, MT 59403.


    WASHINGTON STATE CHAPTER
    Lewis and Clark Trail Heritage Foundation
    2374 Crestline Blvd NW
    Olympia, WA 98502







      Washington State Chapter                     August 2000                             Page 14  


    For information on joining the National Lewis & Clark Trail Heritage Foundation click here.

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    Posted: August 4, 2000

    Send Questions, Comments and Corrections to Jay Rasmussen